Title

Activation of Carboplatin by Carbonate

Author(s)/Creator(s)

Anthony J. Di Pasqua, Syracuse University
Jerry Goodisman, Syracuse UniversityFollow
Deborah J. Kerwood, Syracuse UniversityFollow
Bonnie B. Toms, State University of New York
James C. Dabrowiak, Syracuse UniversityFollow

Document Type

Article

Date

9-16-2005

Keywords

Chemistry

Disciplines

Chemistry

Description/Abstract

Carboplatin, [Pt(NH3)2(CBDCA-O,O')], 1, where CBDCA is cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate, is in wide clinical use for the treatment of ovarian, lung, and other types of cancer. Because carboplatin is relatively unreactive toward nucleophiles, an important question concerning the drug is the mechanism by which it is activated in vivo. Using [1H,15N] heteronuclear single quantum coherance spectroscopy (HSQC) NMR and 15N-labeled carboplatin, we show that carboplatin reacts with carbonate ion in carbonate buffer to produce ring-opened products, the nature of which depends on the pH of the medium. The assignment of HSQC NMR resonances was facilitated by studying the reaction of carboplatin in strong acid, which also produces a ring-opened product. The HSQC NMR spectra and UV-visible difference spectra show that reaction of carboplatin with carbonate at pH > 8.6 produces mainly cis-[Pt(NH3)2(CO3(-2))(CBDCA-O)]-2, 5, which contains the mono-dentate CBDCA ligand and mono-dentate carbonate. At pH 6.7, the primary product is the corresponding bicarbonato complex, which may be in equilibrium with its decarboxylated hydroxo analogue. The UV-visible absorption data indicate that the pKb for the protonation of 5 is approximately 8.6. Thus, the reaction of carboplatin with carbonate produces a mixture of ring-opened species that are anions at physiological pH. HSQC NMR studies on 15N-labeled carboplatin in RPMI culture media containing 10% fetal bovine serum with and without added carbonate suggest that carbonate is the attacking nucleophile in culture media. However, because the rate of reaction of carbonate with carboplatin at physiological pH is small, NMR peaks for ring-opened carboplatin were not detected with HSQC NMR. The rate of disappearance of carboplatin in culture medium containing 9 x 10(8) Jurkat cells is essentially the same as that in carbonate buffer, indicating that the ring-opening reaction is not affected by the presence of cells. This work shows that carbonate at concentrations found in culture media, blood, and the cytosol readily displaces one arm of the CBDCA ligand of carboplatin to give a ring-opened product, which at physiological pH is a mixture of anions. These ring-opened species may be important in the uptake, antitumor properties, and toxicity of carboplatin.

Additional Information

Reprinted with permission from Di Pasqua, A. J., Goodisman, J., Kerwood, D. J., Toms, B. B., Dubowy, R. L., & Dabrowiak, J. C. (2006). Activation of carboplatin by carbonate. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 19(1), 139-149. Copyright 2006 American Chemical Society.

First author and Syracuse University authors listed for additional author see the article.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/tx050261s

Recommended Citation

Di Pasqua, A. J., Goodisman, J., Kerwood, D. J., Toms, B. B., Dubowy, R. L., & Dabrowiak, J. C. (2006). Activation of carboplatin by carbonate. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 19(1), 139-149.

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