Date of Award

5-10-2026

Date Published

June 2026

Degree Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Arts (MA)

Department

Communication and Rhetorical Studies

Advisor(s)

Rachel Hall

Keywords

countermapping;innocence;narrative mapping;political violence;right wing politics;temporal rhetoric

Subject Categories

Communication | Social and Behavioral Sciences

Abstract

This thesis explores the way political rhetorics of time, morality, and political violence play out in visual representations of the far right in the United States via maps. In Out of Joint: Power, Crisis, and the Rhetoric of Time, Nomi Claire Lazar argues that governments and political movements use temporal-rhetorical frameworks to generate political legitimacy by associating their movement with time, which is generally understood as natural. I argue that every temporal-rhetorical frame also implies a set of moral codes which are understood to be materially true, despite the fact that our experiences of time are only ever aim-dependent and mediated. In the United States, our politics have become increasingly defined by moral righteousness, and particularly, they pivot on questions of guilt or innocence. Drawing on the recent work of Miriam Ticktin, I bring her work on the politics of innocence in conversation with Lazar’s discussions of the rhetoric of time to diagnose issues in American politics which have made it incredibly difficult to counter right-wing authoritarian political activism in the United States. I extend this into an analysis of how the dispositifs (apparatuses) of “hate” (hate crimes) and terrorism reify a racialized double standard by rendering perpetrators of hate crimes politically and racially innocent rhetorically. Working with Verena Erlenbauch-Anderson’s definition of terrorism as a mechanism of social defense, which allows the state to suspend biopolitical imperatives to free the state to use sovereign power, I theorize hate as a technology of innocence, which reinstates liberal/biopolitical norms without countering white supremacy. By exploring the way this plays out visually in terms of political violence, I attempt to open a conversation about potential solutions through narrative countermapping and in-depth narrative visualization, a developing method I refer to as long exposure.

Access

Open Access

Included in

Communication Commons

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