Sexually Dimorphic Alterations in Brain Morphology of Astrocyte Conditional System xc- Knockout Mice
Degree Type
Honors Capstone Project
Date of Submission
Spring 5-9-2020
Capstone Advisor
Sandra J. Hewett
Honors Reader
Jessica MacDonald
Capstone Major
Biology
Capstone College
Arts and Science
Audio/Visual Component
no
Keywords
astrocyte, system xc-, neuron, morphology, brain morphology, cystine, glutamate, glutathione, cortex, cerebral hemisphere, corpus callosum, hippocampus, lateral ventricles, striatum
Capstone Prize Winner
no
Won Capstone Funding
no
Honors Categories
Social Sciences
Subject Categories
Biology | Cell and Developmental Biology | Developmental Biology | Developmental Neuroscience | Neuroscience and Neurobiology
Abstract
Astrocytes play a vital role in orchestrating the precise brain wiring that occurs during development and are essential for maintaining homeostasis into adulthood. The cystine/glutamate antiporter, system xc-, in the central nervous system is especially abundant in astrocytes and itself is known to contribute importantly to the basal extracellular glutamate concentration as well as the intracellular and extracellular glutathione levels, either of which, if perturbed, could alter brain development and/or contribute to degeneration. Thus, to determine whether loss of astrocyte system xc- might alter brain morphology, I studied a conditional astrocyte system xc- knockout mouse (AcKO). Tissue was harvested from male and female mice and gross morphological measurements over the rostro-caudal extent of each brain were made of the cerebral hemispheres, cortex, hippocampus, striatum, lateral ventricles, and corpus callosum. The following sex and genotype differences were observed. In female mice, corpus callosal area in AcKO mice was significantly larger and lateral ventricular area significantly smaller than sex- matched wild-type littermate controls. In males, lateral ventricular area was also smaller in AcKO mice and this occurred in association with a significantly larger striatal area than sex- matched littermate controls. Both male and female AcKO mice had larger hippocampal areas than their wild-type controls in the most rostral section of tissue only. All abnormalities observed indicate the importance of system xc-, in general, and astrocyte system xc-, in particular, to construction of proper brain morphology.
Recommended Citation
Samulewicz, Gabrielle Emily, "Sexually Dimorphic Alterations in Brain Morphology of Astrocyte Conditional System xc- Knockout Mice" (2020). Honors Capstone Projects - All. 1115.
https://surface.syr.edu/honors_capstone/1115
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